Present Perfect

FORM = [has/have + past participle]

Examples:

·       You have eaten too much chocolate.

·       Have you ever eaten too much chocolate?

·       You have not eaten too much chocolate.

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.